Pandavani

Pandavani (lit.: Songs and Stories of the Pandavas) is an intriguing folk singing style rooted in the ancient Indian epic, the Mahabharata. This art form emphasizes the narration of stories, particularly focusing on Bhima, the second of the Pandava brothers, making him the hero of these tales. Pandavani is prevalent in the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh and extends to the neighboring areas of Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Andhra Pradesh.

Performance Style

The performance of Pandavani involves a lead singer, often accompanied by supporting singers and musicians. The lead artist narrates episodes (prasang) from the Mahabharata, using a musical instrument like an ektara or a tambura, which is adorned with small bells and peacock feathers. Some performers also use kartal (a pair of cymbals) for additional rhythm. There are two primary styles of narration in Pandavani: the Vedamati (sitting style) and the Kapalik (standing style). The narratives are delivered with an expressive and theatrical presentation, blending music, dance, and drama.

Notable Artists

Teejan Bai

Teejan Bai, born on August 8, 1956, in Ganiyari village near Bhilai, is one of the most prominent exponents of Pandavani. She broke traditional barriers by performing in the standing style, traditionally reserved for men, and has been awarded several prestigious honors including the Padma Shri in 1987, Padma Bhushan in 2003, and Padma Vibhushan in 2019. Her powerful voice and dynamic performances have earned her a place among India's most revered folk artists.

Punaram Nishad

Punaram Nishad (1939 - 2017) was another significant figure in the Pandavani tradition. Known for his mastery in the genre, he contributed greatly to the folk music traditions of Chhattisgarh and the surrounding regions. His performances were characterized by their deep emotional resonance and adherence to traditional forms.

Usha Barle

Usha Barle, born on May 2, 1968, is a renowned Pandavani folk singer from Chhattisgarh. She is celebrated for her engaging performances and her ability to bring the ancient tales of the Mahabharata to life through her singing and storytelling.

Influence on Modern Theatre

Pandavani's influence extends beyond folk music into modern theatre. The eminent Indian playwright Habib Tanvir integrated elements of Pandavani into his plays, notably in productions by his Naya Theatre company. Tanvir's use of Chhattisgarhi folk singers and the free-style narrative format of Pandavani created a unique theatrical experience that captivated audiences across linguistic and cultural barriers.

Indian Folk Music and Culture

India, a land rich in cultural diversity, boasts an extensive array of folk music traditions that are deeply rooted in the country's diverse ethnic and linguistic tapestry. Each region in India has cultivated its unique folk sound over centuries, influenced by local traditions, historical events, and cultural exchanges.

Regional Folk Music

Rajasthan

Music of Rajasthan is characterized by its vibrant and expressive sound, often associated with the tales of chivalry and romance. Traditional instruments like the Ravanahatha and Kamayacha bring a distinctive flavor to the music, while folk dances such as Ghoomar add to the cultural richness.

Punjab

The folk music of Punjab is renowned for its energetic beats and robust rhythms, often accompanied by the Dhol and Tumbi. This music is integral to the region's festivals like Baisakhi and celebrations such as weddings, highlighting communal joy and spirit.

Gujarat

In Gujarat, folk music is an essential part of both social and religious functions. Instruments like the Bhajan and Manjira are commonly used in spiritual songs and dance forms such as Garba.

Other Regions

India's array of folk music extends to various states, each with its own unique sound and expression. The Manipuri dance of Manipur, for example, combines folk elements with classical traditions, creating a beautiful confluence of cultural narratives.

Instruments in Folk Music

Musical instruments play a pivotal role in enhancing the emotive power of Indian folk music. The Veena, a classical string instrument, is often adapted in folk settings. The Bansuri, a bamboo flute, is cherished across regions for its serene sound.

Dance and Music

Dance is inseparably linked to Indian folk music, with forms such as Kathak and Bharatanatyam drawing from folk traditions to enrich their repertoires. These dances not only entertain but also narrate stories and preserve cultural heritage.

Intersection with Classical and Popular Music

The influence of Indian classical music is evident in various folk traditions, creating a dynamic interplay that enriches both genres. Furthermore, Bollywood music often integrates folk elements, introducing them to broader audiences and ensuring their continued evolution and relevance.