Embedded Systems
An embedded system is a specialized computer system that combines a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices to perform a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system. An embedded system is an integral part of a complete device, frequently including electrical or electronic hardware and mechanical parts.
Characteristics
Embedded systems vary greatly in size and complexity, ranging from simple devices like digital watches and MP3 players to more complex machinery such as home appliances, industrial assembly lines, robots, transport vehicles, traffic light controllers, and medical imaging systems. They often function as subsystems of larger machines, for instance, avionics in aircraft and astrionics in spacecraft.
Architecture
The architecture of embedded systems can range from low-complexity designs with a single microcontroller chip to high-complexity configurations involving multiple units, peripherals, and networks. These systems can be housed in equipment racks or spread across large geographical areas, connected by long-distance communications lines.
Operating Systems
Embedded systems often run on specialized embedded operating systems designed to meet their specific constraints and requirements. Popular choices include Linux on embedded systems, which is present in a significant percentage of embedded applications. Additionally, Windows IoT and Windows Embedded Industry provide Microsoft solutions tailored for embedded and industrial use. Windows CE was another Microsoft operating system previously used for mobile and embedded devices.
Software
The software that runs on embedded systems, known as embedded software, is designed to perform the specific tasks required by the system's function. It is tightly integrated with the hardware and often includes an embedded database system for managing data essential to the system's operation.
Applications
Embedded systems are ubiquitous in modern technology, found in applications ranging from consumer electronics to industrial and military systems. They are critical in fields such as telecommunications, automotive, healthcare, and home automation.
Embedded System Modules
An Embedded System Module (ESM) is a compact computer-on-module standard that typically includes essential components like a CPU processor and memory. These modules are designed to be incorporated into larger systems, providing developers with a flexible and efficient way to build complex embedded applications.