Duke of Devonshire
The Duke of Devonshire is a prestigious hereditary title in the Peerage of England, held by the senior branch of the Cavendish family. The title was created by William III in 1694 for William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire, a prominent Whig politician and influential figure during the Glorious Revolution.
Origins and History
Although the Cavendish family estates are primarily located in Derbyshire, the title of "Duke of Devonshire" reflects the family's historical roots and political affiliations. The first Earl of Devonshire, William Cavendish, chose the title despite no direct connection to the geographical area of Devon. This choice was possibly made to avoid conflict with the powerful Stanley family, who held significant influence in Derbyshire and had been Earls of Derby since the 15th century.
Prominent Dukes
William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire
William Cavendish, the first Duke, was a key supporter of the Glorious Revolution, which saw the overthrow of James II of England and the ascension of William III and Mary II to the throne. His political career included serving as a Member of Parliament and holding various influential positions.
William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire
William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, played a significant role in British politics as well. His tenure included serving as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1756 to 1757, although his term was notably brief.
William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire
The 5th Duke married the famed Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, a celebrated socialite and political campaigner known for her influence in Whig politics and her scandalous personal life.
William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire
William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire, known as the "Bachelor Duke," was a noted art collector and builder. He expanded the family's properties, including the famous Chatsworth House, now one of the finest examples of stately homes in England.
Modern Era
The current holder of the title is Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire, known as "Stoker." Born in 1944, he has been active in various cultural and business pursuits and continues the family's legacy of public service and patronage.
Family Estates and Influence
The Cavendish family, through their various titles and estates, have maintained significant influence over the centuries. Their properties include not only Chatsworth House but also Bolsover Castle and Hardwick Hall.
Order of the Garter
Every Duke of Devonshire has traditionally been appointed a Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter, except, as of 2023, the present Duke.