Deborah Read Franklin
Deborah Read Franklin (c. 1708 – December 19, 1774) was a significant figure in early American history, not only for her role as the common-law wife of Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, but also for her own contributions to the social fabric of colonial America.
Early Life and Marriage
Deborah Read was born around 1708 in the American colonies. Her early life became intertwined with Benjamin Franklin when he lodged with the Read family in Philadelphia. In 1723, a young Franklin proposed to the then 15-year-old Deborah. However, her mother, wary of Franklin's financial instability and uncertain future, refused to allow the marriage at that time.
Deborah eventually married another man, John Rodgers, but he deserted her, leaving her in a precarious legal position as divorce was rare and difficult to obtain. Despite this, she later entered into a common-law marriage with Franklin in 1730 after Rodgers was believed to have died. This arrangement was recognized by their community and allowed Deborah to live with Franklin and raise a family.
Contribution to Family and Society
As Franklin's partner, Deborah managed the family's affairs while Benjamin traveled extensively. She ran the Franklin's print shop, which was a cornerstone of his growing business empire and factor in his success as a publisher and statesman. Her efforts allowed Franklin to pursue his scientific interests and political career.
Deborah and Benjamin had two children who survived infancy: Sarah Franklin Bache, sometimes known as Sally, and William Franklin, who would later become a Loyalist during the American Revolutionary War. Their son, Francis Folger Franklin, sadly died of smallpox at the age of four, an event that deeply affected both parents.
Legacy and Death
Deborah Read Franklin passed away on December 19, 1774, while Benjamin Franklin was on a diplomatic mission in England. Despite the distance, her importance in Franklin's life is evidenced by the many letters they exchanged and the deep respect he held for her contributions to his life and work.
Deborah's role as a partner and manager of household affairs highlights the often-overlooked contributions of women in colonial American society. Her life exemplifies the challenges faced by women of her era, navigating societal norms and legal hurdles with resilience and strength.