Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) in Spain
The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), or 'National Confederation of Labor', is a significant anarcho-syndicalist trade union confederation with a rich history in Spain. Founded in 1910 in Barcelona, it emerged from the labor union Solidaridad Obrera, expanding the influence of anarchism across the country. The origins of anarchism in Spain can be traced back to the establishment of the Spanish chapter of the International Workers' Association in 1870, later evolving into the Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region.
Historical Context
The CNT played a crucial role in the labor movement of Spain, particularly during the early 20th century, a time characterized by social upheaval and the struggle for workers' rights. Despite multiple periods when it was declared illegal, the CNT continued to mobilize the working class under the principles of workers' self-management, federalism, and mutual aid.
Revolution of 1933
In January 1933, the CNT orchestrated a revolution, a pivotal event in its history. Initial acts of insurrection included bombings in La Felguera, Asturias, and street riots in Seville, Lleida, and Pedro Muñoz. By January 8, the revolution had swept across Spain, finding its strongest resonance in Andalusia.
Spanish Civil War and Revolution of 1936
The CNT was a major player during the Spanish Civil War and the subsequent Spanish Revolution of 1936. It organized confederal militias and worked alongside the Iberian Anarchist Federation to establish Revolutionary Catalonia, a testament to its influence and ambition in redefining Spanish society.
Influence and Legacy
The CNT's impact on the labor movement in Spain was profound, competing primarily with the General Union of Workers (UGT) until the Second Spanish Republic. The organization's commitment to anarchist principles often led to debates and criticisms, especially from international anarchists like Alexander Schapiro.
Post-Franco Era and Modern Times
After the death of Francisco Franco and the transition to democracy, a faction within the CNT formed the General Confederation of Labour. Despite these divisions, the CNT remains an active participant in advocating for labor rights in Spain, emphasizing direct action and workers' self-management.