Boeing 707
The Boeing 707 is a significant milestone in the history of aviation. As an early American long-range narrow-body airliner, it was the first jetliner developed and produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes, marking the beginning of the Jet Age. Although it was not the very first commercial jetliner to enter service, the 707 became widespread and dominated passenger air transport in the 1960s, remaining common through the 1970s for domestic, transcontinental, and transatlantic flights. It also saw extensive use in cargo and military applications, establishing Boeing as a leader in the airliner manufacturing industry with its renowned 7x7 series.
Development and Design
The design of the Boeing 707 was based on the Boeing 367-80, often referred to simply as the "Dash 80". This prototype served as the foundation for both the 707 airliner and the KC-135 Stratotanker, a military aerial refueling aircraft. The 707 is characterized by its swept-wing design and podded engines, which were revolutionary at the time. The aircraft's development was part of Boeing's strategic shift from military to commercial aviation markets.
Variants and Derivatives
Boeing 720
A derivative of the 707, the Boeing 720, was introduced to serve shorter-haul markets. Announced in July 1957, it featured a modified design for increased efficiency on shorter routes. Despite its resemblance to the 707, the 720 was marketed as a separate model.
Military and Cargo Adaptations
The 707 was not only a commercial success but also found significant applications in military and cargo roles. The Boeing C-137 Stratoliner is a notable military derivative used as a VIP transport aircraft by the United States Air Force. Additionally, passenger versions of the 707 have been converted into freighter configurations to meet the demands of cargo transport.
The aircraft also played a crucial role in airborne surveillance and reconnaissance. The E-3 Sentry, an airborne early warning and control (AWACS) platform, and systems like the EL/M-2075 Phalcon radar, were developed based on the Boeing 707 platform.
Legacy and Impact
The introduction and widespread adoption of the Boeing 707 are credited with launching the Jet Age, significantly transforming air travel by reducing travel times and increasing passenger comfort. The aircraft's impact can be seen in its use by numerous airlines and military forces worldwide. This era also saw the rise of major international routes and contributed to the globalization of air travel.
Notable Events
One of the most dramatic moments in the 707's history occurred during a demonstration flight over Lake Washington on August 7, 1955. Test pilot Tex Johnston famously performed a barrel roll in the 367-80 prototype, showcasing the aircraft's capabilities and thrilling spectators.
Accidents and Incidents
Throughout its operational history, the Boeing 707 has been involved in several accidents and incidents. A notable incident was the 1959 Washington Boeing 707 crash, during a demonstration and acceptance flight before being delivered to Braniff International Airways.