Abdul Razak Hussein
Abdul Razak bin Hussein (Jawi: عبد الرزاق بن حسين) was a prominent Malaysian lawyer and politician who served as the second Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1970 until his death in 1976. He was born on 11 March 1922 in Kampung Pulau Keladi, a village located northwest of Pekan, in the state of Pahang, Malaysia. Abdul Razak was a pivotal figure in Malaysian politics, and his tenure is marked by substantial socio-economic reforms and foreign policy shifts.
Early Life and Education
Abdul Razak was the first of two children born to Hussein Awang bin Mohd Taib (1898–1950) and Fatimah binti Daud (1906–1968). His early education was deeply rooted in the traditions and values of his homeland. He pursued higher education and eventually emerged as a skilled lawyer.
Political Career
Deputy Prime Minister
Before becoming Prime Minister, Abdul Razak served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1957 to 1970. During this period, he played a crucial role in shaping the nation's policies and was instrumental in supporting the governance of Tunku Abdul Rahman, the first Prime Minister of Malaysia.
Prime Ministership
Abdul Razak assumed office as Prime Minister following Tunku Abdul Rahman's resignation. His leadership was significant in the aftermath of the 13 May Incident, a period of racial tension in Malaysia. He introduced the Malaysian New Economic Policy (NEP), aimed at reducing economic disparities among ethnic groups, particularly the ethnic Malay and Chinese communities. This policy was vital in promoting national unity and economic development.
He was also instrumental in forming the Barisan Nasional (BN), a political coalition that dominated Malaysian politics from its establishment in 1974 until 2018.
Foreign Policy
Abdul Razak's tenure marked a shift in Malaysia's foreign policy from a pro-Western stance to one of neutrality. Malaysia became a member of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1970, reflecting this change in international relations strategy.
Legacy
Abdul Razak's legacy extends beyond his political achievements. He is the father of Najib Razak, who served as the Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018. His family continues to hold significant influence in Malaysian politics and business.
Abdul Razak's contributions to Malaysia are commemorated in various educational and development projects, such as the Tun Razak Exchange, a financial district named in his honor, and Sekolah Dato' Abdul Razak, a prestigious residential school.